Newsletter  (Aug 2016)  Page(s) 21. Vol 27, No. 3.  
 
Geoff Crowhurst. Wild Roses in Changde.
This time, after the conference, I was lucky enough to see a number of plants of R. xanthina f. normalis in flower beside a mountain road at Wutai Shan in Shanxi Province.

Newsletter  (Aug 2016)  Page(s) 21.  Includes photo(s).
 
R. xanthina f. normalis in flower beside a mountain road at Wutai Shan in Shanxi Province

Article (magazine)  (2009)  Page(s) 30.  
 
R. xanthina spontanea Rehder  Source Loubert Chromosome Number 21

Book  (1 May 2003)  Page(s) 352.  
 
Rosa xanthina Lindley..Rosa xanthinoides Nakai. ...Shrubs erect, 2-3 m tall. ...prickles paired...straight, to 1.2 cm, stout, flat, abruptly flaring to an elliptic base, small prickles and bristles absent. Leaves including petiole 3-5 cm...leaflets 7-13, broadly ovate or suborbicular...6-18 x 5-10 mm...margin crenate or obtusely serrate, apex rounded-obtuse. Flower solitary...3-4(-5) cm...Petals 5 or double, yellow..Hip purple-brown or black-brown, subglobose or obovoid, 8-10 mm in diam., glabrous, with persistent, reflexed sepals...Two forms may be recognized: Rosa xanthina f. normalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson (...R. xanthina f. spontanea Rehder), which has single flowers with 5 petals, and f. xanthina, which has double or semidouble flowers and is frequently in gardens or parks.

Book  (1988)  Page(s) 176.  
 
location 84, 112/1, R. xanthina Lindl. var. spontanea Rehd. (wild type), PIMPINELLIFOLIAE, North China, Korea, Mongolia, Turkestan, 1906, deep yellow, single, large, solitary, early-blooming, vigorous, bushy, upright-arching, well-branched, 3-3,5 m, few prickles, medium green matte-glossy very small foliage, 9-11 leaflets, dark wine-red medium size glossy bottle-shaped fruit with thickened stalks, reflexed persistent sepals, ripe early

Book  (1988)  Page(s) 20.  Includes photo(s).
 
Rosa xanthina f. spontanea...The single form of the species f. spontanea, is widespread in northern China and Korea, as far west as dry parts of Sichuan (f.hugonis). 'Canary Bird' is a particularly good form.

Book  (2 Jan 1984)  Page(s) 25.  
 
Rosa xanthina f. spontanea Rehd. Syn. R. xanthina f. normalis Rehd. & E.H. Wils. Northern China, Mongolia, Turkestan - Introduced 1907 (after the form with double blooms). 2.50 to 3 m high. 5 to 6 cm diam. Fruit: 1.2 to 1.3 cm diam. This is the wild type with single flowers, yellow again, which appear at the end of May and beginning of June among pale green foliage, called "fern-like" like that of Rosa hugonis and that of the species type with double blooms. Like that, it has strong and straight prickles, but not even a single bristle on its long shoots. Thanks to its single blooms, this wild type gives fruit: almost round, light red, they have on their ends upright and persistent sepals.

Website/Catalog  (1982)  
 
R. xanthina f. spontanea Rehder 2n=14

Book  (1981)  Page(s) 66.  
 
1907 Frank N. Meyer sent the double yellow R. xanthina from Peking to the U.S.A. and two years later sent the single form var. spontanea from Lushang in Shantung province.

Book  (1981)  Page(s) 253.  
 
R. xanthina f. spontanea Rehd. The wild type; slightly higher [than R. xanthina], flowers single, larger, 5-6 cm./2.2.4 in. across; leaves beneath sligthly hairy at the midrib; fruits rather globose, 12-15 mm./0.5-0.6 in., across, bright red, with upright persisting sepals. (f. normalis Rehd. & Wils.), N. China, Mongolia, Turkestan. 1906. Often confused with 'Canary Bird' (which is possibly R. hugonis x R. xanthina) which has paler flowers and blackish-red fruits.